8/18/2023 0 Comments Middle night insomnia![]() ![]() Eye masks and room-darkening curtains.All are meant to reduce anxiety and guide kids toward relaxing enough to fall asleep. With calming music and a guiding voice, apps help kids relax, from a “body scan,” during which you relax your body starting with your toes, to breathing and visualization. Nash recommends meditation apps specifically for sleep, created for different ages. Loiterstein says, “because it raises your body temperature, causing you to feel sleepy.” “It can be helpful to have a hot bath one to two hours before bedtime,” Dr. The idea is to train our bodies to go to bed and wake up at the same time each day. In addition to behavioral techniques, there are ways to create an environment that’s conducive to sleep. It’s fine to have a sleep routine where the parent comes in, say, to read a story to a younger child or hug an older one, but the child shouldn’t be reliant on you to be there for them to fall asleep. Ultimately, your goal is to get to the place where you can come in and say good night and leave the room. Individual steps you might take would depend on the specific case. The next thing could be to move the chair farther away, followed by sitting outside the door to get more distance away from the bed. As an example, if you are lying in bed with your child, the first thing to do is to move to a chair next to them, just holding hands. ![]() There are systematic steps to work up to that. “You’re not going to go from one night sleeping in your child’s room to them sleeping independently the next,” she says. She cautions parents to remember this will take time and patience. Otherwise, they become too reliant on the parent for their presence or reassurance.” Loiterstein, “we want the child to learn that they have the self-soothing skills to manage whatever it is that’s distressing them. We aren’t talking about the “cry-it-out” form of sleep training used with infants, but rather one for older children that involves gradually moving farther away from the child. Once you know what’s going on with your sleep-challenged child, you can use behavioral techniques to help them move towards sleeping independently. The same guidelines can also be applied to naps, which are more invaluable than ever, given how many parents are working from home. So what’s a parent to do? First, you want to identify the issue. And for children with less severe problems, parents can use CBT strategies to change sleep habits. A form of behavioral therapy called CBT-I (cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia) has been shown to be more effective than medication for treating kids with insomnia, explains Wendy Nash, MD, a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Sleep is no exception.įortunately, there are well-tested strategies for helping kids learn to fall asleep in their own beds and stay asleep. And those who had struggled in the past may have regressed.Ĭonfusing changes in routine and increased anxiety - older kids may be worrying, while younger children may be sensing their parents’ anxiety - are causing behavioral issues across the board. A lot of kids, even those who had no significant sleep issues before the pandemic, are having trouble now. CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) can be a helpful treatment for sleep issues, and medication may help in some cases.Ĭountless parents have experienced the frustration of trying to get kids to go to sleep and stay asleep. If your child still can’t sleep after making changes like these, it’s time to talk to their pediatrician. If kids wake up in the middle of the night, it’s best to send them back to bed right away. Other routines like a warm bath before bed and using bed only for sleep also help. For example, you might find that Sunday night is harder because Monday is the first day of the school week. This also helps parents keep track of any patterns or sleep problems. It can include everything from brushing teeth to turning out the light. Posting a sleep schedule also helps kids stay on track. The goal is to be able to come in, say goodnight and have your child be able to fall asleep. It’s good to let your kid know you understand how hard this is for them but that you’re sure that with practice, they’ll be able to do it. You can continue these small steps until they’re sleeping on their own. For example, you might go from sitting in a chair next to the bed one night to moving the chair across the room the next night. Sleep training for older kids involves parents using gradual steps to get kids to sleep independently. Once you’ve done that, you can start what’s called “sleep training.” Are they anxious? Afraid of the dark? Scared to sleep alone? Just talking to kids about fears around sleep can make them feel better. The first thing to do is find out what’s keeping them from sleeping. But there are steps you can take to move your child to sleeping on their own. It’s frustrating for parents when a kid can’t go to sleep or stay asleep without help. ![]()
0 Comments
8/18/2023 0 Comments Mustard tree bible![]() ![]() The brother told the reporter that we do not like to be advertised. Recently, a reporter from a newspaper contacted one of the brothers, wanting to give us some advertisement and publicity. Therefore, we do not use propaganda and advertisements. During the past years we have been growing slowly because we do not like to have a big work. Although it has been rather slow, it is nevertheless the normal growth. In 1972 we had close to 2200, more than three times the number in 1969. When we conducted the training on the Psalms in 1969, we had seven hundred attendants. We thank the Lord that the move of His recovery in this country has been growing gradually throughout the years. To desire to be great is very dangerous because it can break the law of life. What does this mean? Many Christians are ambitious to be great. The mustard herb became a great tree by breaking the life law and growing out of proportion. This should not be a mere doctrine to us we must have the practical application. The branches have become the lodging place of demons. Many evil spirits lodge in Christendom today. Earlier in the same chapter, the Lord Jesus told us the interpretation of the birds, saying that they were the Devil and his angels. But this herb grew out of proportion and became a great tree with many evil birds lodging in its branches. According to its nature, a mustard herb is small and good for food. The shape, nature, and form were changed it broke the law of life and grew out of proportion. The mustard herb, however, grew into a great tree. According to its law of life, the peach sprout will grow into a peach tree and will bring forth peaches. This is impossible, for within the peach sprout is the peach life, and within the peach life are the peach essence and the peach law which regulate its development. We do not need to be concerned that the peach tree might grow into another kind of tree and not produce peaches. ![]() We have the confidence that if a peach sprout grows, it will become a peach tree, it will attain the height of a normal peach tree, and it will bring forth peaches. With every kind of life there is the life essence, the life power, the life shape, and the life law. This is growth out of proportion and growth which breaks the regulation of the life law. However, in this parable we see something that grows not according to its kind-an herb becomes a tree. Therefore, an herb should be after its kind, and a tree should be after its kind. For example, a peach tree should bring forth after its kind, and an apple tree should bring forth after its kind. According to Genesis 1, all the vegetables are to reproduce each after its kind, and the animals each after its kind. Although it may not be readily apparent, this also is damage caused by Satan. The Lord Jesus said that the mustard seed is the smallest of the seeds, yet it grows into a great tree. Now we come to the parable of the mustard seed (13:31-32). ![]() 8/18/2023 0 Comments Pinellas county docket search![]() UFC also provides prompt linkage to related services. UFC judges hear all delinquency and dependency cases and identified interconnected cases involving domestic relations issues, including domestic violence. Unified Family Court (UFC) is a comprehensive approach to handling all cases involving children and families while resolving family disputes in a fair, timely, efficient and cost-effective manner. The Sixth Circuit’s Family Courts are supported by a number of programs that address the special needs of families and parties to Family Law cases. Special proceedings designated by Florida and federal laws that relate to these matters are also assigned to Family Court. Family Divisionįamily Law judges preside over domestic matters, including adoption, alimony, annulment, child custody & visitation, child support, divorce, grandparent proceedings, name change, paternity, and injunctions involving allegations of domestic, repeat, dating and sexual violence. Felony offenses include capital murder, noncapital murder, sexual offenses, drugs, robbery, burglary, theft, forgery, fraud, worthless checks, and other crimes against persons or property. A felony is a crime punishable by more than a year in state prison. Jurisdiction over all actions, cases and proceedings involving the administration of criminal justice, including allegations of felonies and all misdemeanors arising out of the same circumstances as a felony. Civil commitments of sexually violent predators, known as Jimmy Ryce proceedings, are assigned to the Civil Division. Civil matters might include automobile negligence, professional malpractice, product liability, condominium lawsuits, eminent domain, real property, mortgage foreclosure, contract indebtedness, and all causes, proceedings or actions within the Sixth Circuit’s jurisdiction and not assigned to another division. Drug offenders in Florida's prisons have an average of 36 prior criminal charges and 18 convictions per inmate, prior to their current incarceration.Jurisdiction over all civil matters when the property, damages or other issue in dispute has a value in excess of $30,000.Of the drug offenders among these inmates, 85% have committed a prior forcible felony, a burglary or both, prior to their current incarceration. Of the inmates incarcerated in Florida's prisons, 56% have been previously convicted of violent offenses, and over 95% of all prisoners are repeat offenders.To be sentenced under PRR, an individual must have served time in a state or federal prison, or are on escape status, and must then, within 3 years of their release from prison for the prior offense, commit or attempt to commit another serious felony. Florida’s Prisoner Release Reoffender (PRR) was passed by the Florida Legislature unanimously and signed into law by Democratic Governor Lawton Chiles in 1997 to address habitual, repeat offenders. All states use sentencing guidelines and mandatory sentence policies to target the most dangerous, repeat offenders and more lenient sentences on first offenders.Specific findings suggest TIS reduces reoffending among drug offenders, violent offenders, young offenders, and others. Truth in Sentencing (TIS) refers to the practice of requiring a prisoner to serve a pre-determined amount of the court-imposed sentence in prison. ![]() In the Tampa Bay region, Pinellas County saw a combined crime rate decline of 15.7 percent – the biggest drop in the seven-county region – and Pasco County a 9.9 percent decline. The decrease is 15.7 percent when population growth is factored in. The state’s crime rate in 2020 dropped 14.1 percent below 2019′s numbers. Crime in Florida has steadily declined for the past 50 years. ![]() 8/17/2023 0 Comments Kite hill ricotta price![]() ![]() Where to Buy: All Trader Joe’s locations. ![]() When tasted side by side with the other brands, Larisha does think there is a bit of an aftertaste. It doesn’t matter for things like bagels, but when you are trying to make things like vegan cheesecake, it can be an issue. What we mean by that is that it has a more whipped consistency and sometimes is runnier than other times. Trader Joe’s vegan cream cheese alternative is the cheapest of the 9 options that we found. Price: $4.49 Trader Joe’s Plain Classic Vegan Cream Cheese Alternative Ingredients: WayFare Dairy Free Base (Water, Organic Butter Beans, Organic Oats), Organic Coconut Oil, Organic Agave Syrup, Organic Gum Arabic, Konjac Root Powder, Sea Salt, Organic Cultured Dextrose, Organic Natural Flavor, Organic Citric Acid, Calcium Citrate, Lactic Acid. Varieties: Original as well as Onion and Chive It’s very neutral in taste and no overpowering taste We think that the texture is thick and extremely close to dairy based cream cheese. We buy it from a local natural health store, but you can also find at Wegman’s and online (see below). Thoughts: This was our favorite one before the taste test even started. The Wayfare vegan cream cheese is plant-based, non-GMO and organic. Our goal was to find the one closest to what we remember dairy-based cream cheese tasting like. We were looking for mostly taste and texture. We dipped a small piece of bagel into each vegan cream cheese brand and then taste each one. We toasted some vegan bagels and then cut them into small pieces. How did we do the vegan cream cheese taste test? However, we had never tried any of them side by side with other brands which we believe is really important when it comes to taste testing. I will be upfront that we had tried a few of these before. We didn’t see a plain version of this but did they the red pepper version. We also had a bonus taste test of Spero Sunflower Cream Cheese. Sign Up For My Newsletter Today! What vegan cream cheese brands did we try?ĭespite trying out 10 different brands, we know that there are even more out there. Never miss another post! Sign up for our weekly newsletter and get them all delivered easily! Plus, 15 easy recipes delivered immediately! We created this video as hopefully a starting point for people and we can only go off our opinion. You may ultimately think our best is the worst and that’s okay. What we may think is the best, may completely vary from what you actually like. We know that everyone has different taste buds. Watch our vegan cream cheese taste test: PSA: No two are from the same brand and they are all plain flavors so a true side by side comparison. So can you believe we were able to find 9 different ones?Īnd these are all nine different brands. Many vegan cheeses don’t have enough to compare however, we were surprised that we were able to find 9 different vegan cream cheese brands with a plain variety in order to put them to the test.Īlso, if you’re interested, make sure to check out our vegan yogurt taste test where we’ve tried more than 25 brands. 2, many people asked if we would do other cream varieties. That’s what we wanted to find out.Īfter doing our vegan shredded cheese taste test Pt. We have a clear favorite vegan cream cheese before starting this vegan cream cheese taste test, but could it stand up to a taste test challenge. We taste tested 9 different vegan cream cheese brands! We’re dishing out all the details on which is the best in our vegan cream cheese taste test! ![]() 8/17/2023 0 Comments Outdoor radiant heat![]() ![]() Touching a cold surface conducts heat from your body. Convection heat loss, from the wind, can affect your overall comfort.Ĭonduction heat is when heat is transferred through direct contact. This provides only a little benefit in a covered area and no benefit in an uncovered area. Some hot air does rise from patio heaters, and so there is some incidental convection heat created, especially from gas patio heaters. When you wear dark clothing, you will get warmed more from patio heaters than if you wear light clothing.Ĭonvection heat is currents that are created as hot air rises and cool air falls. This kind of heat travels through space and heats objects as the rays contact them. Infrared radiant heat is generated by all gas and electric patio heaters. Understanding the differences between radiant heat, convection heat, and conduction heat However, that same difference in operating cost can make a huge difference to a restaurant who operates quite a number of patio heaters, for several hours, and many days of the year. That difference in operating cost may not matter much to a homeowner who uses a small number of patio heaters, a small number of hours, a small number of times per year. Here in the San Francisco Bay Area, where PG&E electricity is very expensive, it is four to five times more expensive to operate an electric patio heater than a gas patio heater producing a similar amount of heat. The difference in the cost varies regionally. In a covered patio, not all convection heat is lost immediately.ĭespite electric patio heaters greater internal efficiency, the cost of operating gas patio heaters, for a similar amount of infrared radiant heat, is typically a fraction of the cost of operating electric patio heaters. (There is some inefficiency in electricity generation and transmission through power lines.) Gas patio heaters lose some infrared radiant efficiency in escaping hot combustion gasses. Electric patio heaters are more efficient, once the electricity gets to the heater. The infrared radiant efficiency of a heater conversely affects how much incidental convection heat is created. Which infrared outdoor heaters are more efficient? In upright glass-tube heaters, the heat is primarily from the flame, however infrared radiation is reduced by passing through the glass tube because glass is an insulator. Patio Comfort), the radiant surface is a metal emitter grid that glows orange. The flame is not visible and the heaters do not glow. In low-intensity tube patio heaters, a burner at one end heats a long metal tube to about 1100☏, and the metal tube is the infrared radiant heat source. The glowing-orange-hot tiles are in the range of 1500☏ to 1600☏. SunPak) the infrared radiant heat source is perforated ceramic tiles. In high-intensity overhead gas patio heaters (i.e. Gas patio heaters burn gas to heat a surface that then emits medium-wave infrared radiant heat. Medium wave electric patio heaters provide a good amount of heat and a soft, warm glow. ![]() Long wave electric patio heaters we have found to be ineffective outdoors. Short wave electric patio heaters have a higher temperature element, and emit more light. What kinds of infrared heat do different patio heaters generate?Įssentially, all patio heaters create infrared heat.Įlectric patio heaters come in the short, medium, and long-wave spectrum of infrared waves. This kind of heat touches anything in the sight-lines of the heater. A patio heater’s infrared rays may travel ten or fifteen feet from the heat source to heat objects like the furniture, the floor, people, and their clothes. Here on Earth, infrared radiant heat sources include campfires, toasters, and patio heaters. What you are feeling is infrared radiant heat. It feels good even though the sun’s rays have traveled 93 million miles. On a cold day, when the sun comes out from behind the cloud, you feel the radiant or infrared heat immediately. Scientifically speaking, infrared heat travels at the speed of light until it comes in contact with an object. The term “radiant heat” is sometimes used for in-floor heaters and radiators, but that’s not what this post is about. Infrared heat is also commonly referred to as radiant heat. When you understand how patio heaters provide heat, you can make a more informed decision about what kind of outdoor heaters are best for your outdoor environment. In reality, gas patio heaters are infrared too. We have even read articles that state, falsely, that gas patio heaters only heat the air and that electric patio heaters are infrared and, therefore, more efficient. Many people think that only electric patio heaters provide infrared heat and that gas patio heaters don’t. ![]() What do the terms “infrared heat” and “true infrared” really mean? ![]() 8/17/2023 0 Comments Illustrator text in box![]() ![]() Justifies all text so it is in a block with all lines even. Interested in learning more? Why not take an online Adobe Illustrator course? Justifies all text so it is in a block with all lines even however, the last line is aligned to the right. Justifies all text so it is in a block with all lines even however, the last line is centered. Justifies all text so it is in a block with all lines even however, the last line is aligned to the left. The third button aligns text to the right. The first button aligns all text to the left. If you have ever used a word processing program before, then some of these buttons may look familiar to you. In this panel, we can format our paragraphs, including indentions. Now, click the Paragraph tab at the top of the Type panel. The tracking is the adjustment of space for groups of characters or blocks of text. We can also change the tracking (bottom box on the right). The kernel is the space between characters. Then, we can change the kernel (bottom box on the left). We can also change the spacing between lines of type, or the leading. In the bottom part of the Character panel, we can change the font size. We can change the type to bold, italics, or back to regular. Next, we can change the font style, as shown below. Click in another area of the artboard to deselect the text. (We are also going to change the size to 18, which you will learn about momentarily.) Now, go to the Character panel and select a new type of font. You should still be using the Type tool for this. Perhaps Times New Roman.įirst, drag your mouse over the type to select it. However, we can change that to a different font. Myriad Pro is the font type that we are using. Here is where we can change the type of font. ![]() Let us go through these one by one to learn how to format our text. To format our text, we are going to use the Type panel. Before we learn about the other type tools, let us learn how to format text in Illustrator. Once you are finished typing, you can use the Selection tool to move the text to another location if you want. You will see a flashing vertical line, just as you would in word processing programs. Vertical Type on a Path works like the Type on a Path tool except it is vertical.Vertical Type Area works like the Area Type tool except that it is vertical.Vertical Type works like the Type tool except the type is vertical.Type on a Path will create type along the outer edge of an open or closed path.Area Type creates type that is inside an open or closed path.With it, you can type along the edge of an open path or inside a closed path. Type creates type that is not associated with a path. You can click and hold on the Type tool to see all the type tools grouped with it. The Type tools are located in the toolbox. This article will teach you how to work with type in Illustrator. Then, there are three tools for vertical type that goes top to bottom on the screen. There are three tools for horizontal type, which goes across the screen. Adobe Illustrator has six different type tools: Type, Area Type, Type on a Path, Vertical type Vertical Area Type, and Vertical Type on a Path. ![]() 8/17/2023 0 Comments Hand controlled drone reviews![]() ![]() ![]() “We had some ships sitting outside Rotterdam for six days during the peak congestion periods, and there were ports that refused to accept a feeder call at all, despite the boxes for relay taking up space on the quay,” he added. “Schedules were destroyed and it was impossible to find replacement ships to cover the delayed vessels.” And if we did get tonnage, we couldn’t get the ships worked due to port congestion,” he said. “Unlike our carrier customers, we never enjoyed the boom times as charter hire rates for ships went through the roof, and shipowners wanted us to commit for ridiculously long periods. Indeed, a feeder operator executive told The Loadstar recently carriers were again “turning the screws” on feeder rates and volume commitments. Moreover, the liners, still awash with cash generated over the past two years and with surplus capacity snapped up on the second-hand vessel S&P market, are minded to deploy their own tonnage for spoke-hub relays and the ad-hoc feeder parcels which add the jam to the bread-and-butter of the liner feeds. ![]() Notwithstanding the war in Ukraine, which has significantly affected cargo demand in the Baltic, feeder operators plying traditional feeder routes in the North Sea and Irish Sea are having to manage lower volumes and tougher budgeting demands from ocean carrier client procurement officers. The consultant said DP World subsidiary Unifeeder had streamlined its services connecting North Europe with the Baltic region since the end of last year after “a serious drop in cargo demand in the Far East to North Europe trade” impacted its feeder volumes. Shortsea shipping lines in Northern Europe are facing a fight for survival as demand weakens and rates plummet.Īs in the deepsea sector, shortsea container carriers and feeder lines are having to adjust to a reduction in demand across their networks.įor example, according to Alphaliner data, Aarhus-based Unifeeder has reduced its capacity by more than 25,000 teu in the past year, a 17.9% decline in its fleet. ![]() ![]() ![]() The extra touches: Heated outdoor seating area, free non-alcoholic soft drinks.Brands and products used: Own branded Man Cave styling range for the men and Babe Cave branded hair treatments for the ladies.Specialises in: Everything from laser hair removal, nails & beauty, ladies waxing to massages and male grooming.A relaxed vibe permeates the whole salon. Atmosphere: The Cave offers a truly unique experience catering for all clients.This salon is located close to Chorlton Bus Station.Īll members of The Cave Team are trained to the highest standard and are experts in their field with a true passion for what they do. They offer an absolutely incredible menu of nails, beauty, hair-removal services for the ladies, styling, grooming and waxing for the gents, as well as many other extremely soothing and effective treatments. Welcome to The Cave MCR, this beautifully decorated and modern beauty salon in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Manchester. The extra touches: Tea, coffee and water are available for clients.Brands and products used: Natural extra virgin olive oil for massage, coconut oil, Skin Truth, Kaeso, Salon Services, Beetles.Specialises in: Indian head massage, reflexology and nail services.Atmosphere: Spacious, airy, inclusive, natural decor, holistic and tranquil atmosphere, LGBT-friendly. ![]() She has 3 years of experience offering massage and beauty treatments. Lizi has a Level 3 qualification and is fully insured. There is limited parking at the salon or paid on-street parking. There is a tram stop right across the road and a bus stop within a 5-minute walk. Whether you want to unwind with a relaxing aromatherapy massage or give your hands an added pop of colour with a gel manicure, book in for an appointment today and let expert beautician and therapist Lizi take care of you.
8/17/2023 0 Comments Bitmedic![]() ![]() PLEASE CHECK THE WIKI FOR BASIC HELP + TROUBLESHOOTING INFO BEFORE POSTING. ![]() Our regularly-updated wiki contains all sorts of useful information, including links to reputable developers of antivirus/antimalware/internet security/endpoint protection/endpoint detection and response/ programs, information about specialized scanning and cleaning tools, information about security tests and testers, practical information on securing your devices and a glossary. Click here send a message to the r/antivirus mods so we can set you up with your company flair. You are expected to participate in discussions where you can lend your expertise. Posting about Sales, Beta's, that sort of thing is allowed, but don't spam it. Adware Cleaner - Remove adware and browser add-ons that hijack your navigation. Antivirus Scan - Award winning database offers both quick and deep scans. Dashboard - Easy to see action items needed to keep you secure and protected. You are more than welcome here, as long as you respect Reddit's Self Promotion rules, and are not pushing your product unduly. BitMedic® Antivirus was designed specifically for the Mac and offers a full suite of protection. Welcome! You can get all of the help you need here, along with advice on removing any kind of malicious or unwanted software and choosing the right antivirus/internet security/endpoint protection for you! The complete list of rules can be found here. If you see any spam or abusive messages, please use the report function to report it to the mods. įailure to respect the rules and each other may result in a permanent ban.If you must post a link, please 'de-fang' it by breaking the URL up with brackets like so: https// □ Asking a question about a VirusTotal or Hybrid Analysis report? Include a link to it, not just a screenshot, or your post may be removed.ĭo not post links to websites offering commissions, affiliate links, or sponsored installs.ĭo not intentionally link to malicious sites (links to VirusTotal and Hybrid Analysis are fine). Please take a moment to familiarize yourself with our rules and check our regularly-updated wiki before posting. ![]() 8/17/2023 0 Comments Space warfare video![]() The X-37B spacecraft offers real benefits because of its overall reusability and its ability to conduct experiments and then return them to Earth. Those programs should not give false hope to those who dream big about space. Neither the X-37B nor the Starship show that the fundamentals of spacepower will change anytime soon. But, in reality, there’s no prospect of a technological breakthrough that will allow spacecraft to effectively “beat” physics. Becker argues that two current programs - the X-37B and SpaceX’s Starship - show that starcruisers will be here soon enough that analysts need to begin thinking through the implications for spacepower. The X-37B: Not a Forerunner to StarcruisersĪ starcruiser will not exist because it would have to defy these physical constraints, especially the realities that satellites move predictably and maneuver slowly. Adopting a mindset and a strategy of slow and deliberate movements is needed, rather than thinking about flashy “light speed” jumps. However, those deliberate maneuvers can only happen at certain points in an orbit. Since gravity dictates the motion of a satellite, deviating from the prescribed orbit requires the use of an engine to maneuver. While satellites move quickly along their orbit, purposeful maneuvers to a different orbit are relatively slow. The nature of conflict often requires two competing weapon systems to get close to each other, in this case “on-orbit.” Therefore, timing is everything. By comparison, satellites are always moving in a circular or elliptical path due to the gravitational pull of Earth. Within the confines of the Earth’s atmosphere, airplanes, tanks, and ships can move in multiple directions. Even if satellites and spacecraft are designed to have more energy for maneuverability, distances in space are so big that extensive maneuvering will remain painstakingly slow. That is 190 times bigger than the volume of Earth. The volume of space between low Earth orbit and geostationary orbit is about 50 trillion cubic miles (200 trillion cubic kilometers). This makes their path predictable - and deviating from an orbit is costly and slow - which means that engagements, whether peaceful or aggressive, can be planned long ahead of time regardless of the speed at which satellites are traveling. Gravity dictates that satellites at lower altitudes always move more quickly than those at higher altitudes. ![]() Due to orbital dynamics, satellites exhibit a strict relationship between altitude, speed, and orbit shape. To an Earth-bound observer, satellite speeds might suggest that science fiction is the right way to imagine space war, but speed is not actually the biggest driver of fighting in space. In comparison, an average bullet only travels about 1,700 miles per hour (0.75 kilometers per second). Those in commonly used circular orbits move at speeds of 6,700 to 18,000 miles per hour (three to eight kilometers per second), depending on their altitude. As they develop their ideas about spacepower, strategists should internalize five major points and use them to attain advantages, rather than working against physical realities. ![]() Spacecraft and space weapons cannot defy physics. Major limitations such as these mean that starcruisers like the Millennium Falcon or Galactica will never exist. Space is big and satellites maneuver slowly while following predictable trajectories. As we explain in a recent research paper and accompanying video, in any space war physical limitations will constrain both the movement of assets and overall strategy. ![]() Policymakers and defense planners need to have a realistic understanding of what is physically possible and practical. ![]() |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |